POWER AUTHORITY AND INFLUENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Force AUTHORITY AND INFLUENCE - Essay Example This paper depicts my very own strategies or courses through which I gain power in the work environment. Force is the inclination to control individuals. Authority is the benefit to impact, control, and change others. To clarify how I gain force and impact in the work place, it is critical to portray French and Raven model of intensity and impact. These two people hypothesized a comprehensive type of group and shared power. In doing as such, they proposed and suggested different classifications of power. These classes incorporate terrorizing, motivation, substantial, master, referent, just as instructive. Individuals in places of initiative can accomplish force and impact through mortal and oral scares. Force through terrorizing can either be applied to a solitary substance or a gathering of individuals (Houser, Anna and Domokos-Cheng, 2004). There are cases I have utilized terrorizing to control and control a portion of my youngsters in the working environment. Those in places of ad ministration will bear me witness that some scary activities applied to certain representatives are not arranged. There are those representatives who will take any risk and misjudge everything to make you look terrible to your supervisors. Since I am human and individuals regularly commit errors, I don't endure any of my youngsters announcing me to my quick manager as this would influence my odds of ever getting an advancement or a compensation rise. I manage these people fittingly and caution them of desperate results in the event that they ever report me to my chief. As indicated by French and Raven hypothesis, accomplishing force and impact through motivators is polished in numerous associations everywhere throughout the world. People who are associated with settling on choices in regards to motivators have all the force and impact in the work environment. Legitimate force and impact is accomplished based on how the person in the board position is relied upon to carry on by peopl e in general. In referent force, individuals are known to regard and perceive the authority of people that they are fit for shaping connections or relationship with. Instructive force relies upon the status of a person as certain people are viewed as more educated than others (Houser, Anna and Domokos-Cheng, 2004). I can identify with French and Raven model in the manners or habits in which I gain force and impact in my working environment. People in the board as outlined by the French and Raven model are relied upon by the general public to act or act in specific manners. Trust is an ethicalness. I have taken in the significance of building trust in the working environment. For a person to be amazing and persuasive, the two his/her coworkers and managers also should have confidence and conviction towards him/her. Through permitting my youngsters to design their obligations to accommodate their own needs and prerequisites as long all things considered inside the authoritative destin ations and rules has empower them to trust and regard me. I have additionally guaranteed that I generally accomplish my anticipated objectives and destinations in whatever I do. Through this, I have picked up impact and force inside the work environment as I am viewed as probably the best entertainer. Moreover, I include myself in doing investigate on the past, current, and future tasks of my association. Doing so has been of importance as I have had the option to distinguish territories of shortcomings inside the association and accordingly recognized novel roads through which I can relieve or reduce obstacles in authoritative execution.

Offshore oil and gas law essays

Seaward oil and gas law expositions Seaward OIL AND GAS LAW IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Likewise with most characteristic assets questions, the different partners in the disagreement regarding whether to bore for oil and gas in the British Columbia seaward are as various as they are dug in. With more than one hundred billion dollars in covered fortune in question, it is obvious that the Federal Government and the Province are fighting over who has locale and responsibility for B.C. seaward. What's more, ecological gatherings, industry backers, and First Nations are for the most part trying to guide the strategy of the two degrees of government. Curiously, despite the fact that the improvement of the B.C. seaward has been set apart by many years of stalemate and mess, various situations have as of late developed that appear to have infused another vitality into the question. In particular, the incorporation of Aboriginal Rights in segment 35 of Canadas constitution has brought about huge vulnerability over land title in British Columbia, vulnerability which the Province is moving to determine by settling Aboriginal land claims, regularly by offering a stake being developed. Too, in spite of having made sure about purview over the vast majority of Canadas seaward assets, the Federal Government has mellowed its position on seaward locale, and offered despite local enmity to partake in the administration of seaward advancement with the Provinces. Finally, the force for financial turn of events and for incomes to support government coffers is by all accounts at a high point; to put it plainly, ecological concerns have taken a secondary lounge to the charm of a conceivably worthwhile industry. This paper investigates the positions and premiums of every one of the gatherings associated with the question, and-against the foundation of ongoing occasions this paper hypothesizes on the probable way of future arrangements. The History of Offshore Drilling in British Columbia Prior to looking over the present positions and interests of every one of the partners, I... <!

Database Architecture

Database frameworks are an approach to gather and store a lot of information. Basically, database are electronic documenting frameworks that store crude information to be later recovered as useable data (Skillport, ). Utilizing such an instrument improves the recording and capacity of a wide range of data utilized by organizations today. A typical kind of database is a client/stock database. Various tables store client data, past client orders, stock tallies and merchant data and afterward this data can be cross-referenced for following stock pathways.For model, the client table will have an essential key which is individual for every client. This key would then be able to be referenced by the client request table which keeps up request history for all clients. The items table can utilize a similar procedure to get to stock checks as well as provider data. The entirety of this information is put away independently, yet utilized in various ways. It’s more proficient and more se cure than a typical recording framework. As per Wingenious (2005),â€Å"The database engineering is the arrangement of determinations, rules, and procedures that direct how information is put away in a database and how information is gotten to by parts of a framework. It incorporates information types, connections, and naming shows. The database design depicts the association of all database items and how they cooperate. It influences uprightness, dependability, adaptability, and execution. The database engineering includes whatever characterizes the idea of the information, the structure of the information, or how the information flows† (Introduction).Depending on the sort of design you need, there are numerous decisions in programming for your Database Management System (DBMS). For private ventures where less than 50 clients need to get to the database and where information can be put away at a brought together area, the best decision would be Microsoft Access. The program has a simple to-utilize GUI interface and for structuring tables inside the database (Coronel, Morris, and Rob, 2013). For a bigger organizations, or organizations where in excess of 50 clients would need to get to the database simultaneously, a DBMS with more highlights is recommended.These DBMS programs for the most part additionally have the alternative to have information put away at and got to from more than one area, or a circulated database Microsoft SQL Server permits various clients to get to its databases and can even be gotten to from more than one area (Coronel, Morris, and Rob, 2013). Utilizing Microsoft SQL Server Express, it is even feasible for information to be put away locally until the system can get to the primary server through the system, should organize blackouts become an issue. With this apparatus, even with the servers go down, clients can in any case input work locally and get to the neighborhood sections .Jack Henry and Associates utilizes Microsoft SQL f or some fairly propelled databases. Money related organizations utilize their product to enter and get to enormous sums budgetary data, especially travel things, for example, checks, draft slips and bring things back. These are worked at each branch at that point have sent out into an AS/400 framework to post to singular records. A similar data is likewise sent to another SQL database where documents are imported and traded to the Federal Reserve Bank or other monetary institutions.Many of our customers are little foundations where there are less than 50 clients and just a single area. While these customers could utilize the littler DBMS, for example, Microsoft Access, there are bigger customers to consider too, who have in excess of 50 clients on the framework and noteworthy measures of information gathered and transmitted to various areas, a bigger DBMS is required. Beforehand, the databases were put away just on the fundamental server, anyway the more current forms of the product we use require appropriated databases, by methods for Microsoft SQL Server Express.

Cognitive Consequences of Pediatric Sports-Related Concussions Essay

Results: The aftereffects of this exploration audit give the most present data with respect to pediatric blackout and neurological and psychological outcomes. These outcomes bolster the working speculation that the intellectual results of pediatric games related blackouts don't exceed the advantages related with youth sports cooperation. In an associate report (complete n=200), agents took a gander at come back to subjective standard after blackout in more youthful versus more established competitors. Members were separated into two gatherings, a 13-multi year old gathering (n=100), and 18-multi year old gathering (n = 100). Every member finished pattern and post blackout neurocognitive testing utilizing the prompt Post-Concussion evaluation and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test battery. Results demonstrated that competitors 13-16 years of age take more time to come back to neurocognitive and side effect baselines than competitors 18-22 years of age (22). In an imminent structure study, 18 kids with mTBI and 18 coordinated sound controls (8-16 years old) were utilized to contrast affectability with straightforward and complex visual upgrades and to decide the advancement of visuo-perceptual execution after some time. At 1, 4 and 12 weeks affectability to static and dynamic types of straightforward (first request), complex (second request), direction and bearing recognizable proof edges, and spiral optic stream improvements were evaluated. The consequences of this investigation exhibit that every single complex improvement were essentially influenced for the mTBI kids, including at the multi week interim. There was additionally no contrast between bunches over all testing conditions for straightforward, first request data (2). An observational investigation from 2008 saw secondary school competitors and recuperation designs after blackout. Out o... ...lity following horrible cerebrum injury in youth: effect of injury seriousness and age at injury. Pediatr Neurosurg.2000;32 :282†290. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/224152197?accountid=14667 29. McCrory, P, AM Collie, V Anderson, and G Davis. Would we be able to Manage Sport Related Concussion in Children the Same as in Adults?. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 38.5 (2004): 516-519. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.014811 30. McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, et al. Agreement articulation on blackout in sport - the third worldwide gathering on blackout in sport held in Zurich, November 2012. Phys Sportsmed. 2013; 47:250â€258 . doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313 31. Purcell, Lisa. What are the most fitting come back to-play rules for concussed kid competitors? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43.1 (2009): i51-i55. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058214

Does knowledge affect attitudes and perceived risks of HIV infection Essay

Does information influence perspectives and saw dangers of HIV disease among youthful grown-ups affecting steady condom use - Essay Example ost of these teenagers were commonplace of those everywhere throughout the world, having a blend of right and inaccurate information about HIV transmission and explicitly transmitted contaminations. It was seen that a larger number of guys than females accounted that they have engaged in sexual relations, having utilized condoms. They additionally displayed a conflicting utilization of condoms. A portion of the sexual mentalities unquestionably complied with machismo belief system; however there were others that provises a degree for mediations and counteractions. By and large it was seen that the disgrace joined to HIV was high and it was likewise observed that a significant number of the youths disliked same sex relations. Mediation is especially fundamental that some intervention is looked for against homosexuality-related disgrace since it might bring about a concentrated HIV scourge. The overviews indicated that individual strict musings and convictions were not a hindrance to u tilization of condoms. The multivariate model demonstrated that, being out of school could be essentially corresponded to having engaged in sexual relations just as of inadequate HIV/AIDS-related information. This requires HIV anticipation mediations must not be restricted to just school going youths. For victory what is required is a multi-segment way to deal with anticipation. This must incorporate network based projects just as projects in schools, the broad communications and wellbeing offices. HIV contamination is a sickness that is brought about by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This infection gradually demolishes the invulnerable framework and thus, the antibodies inside the body think that its harder to ward off the diseases. There is no solution for HIV contamination, precautionary measure being the main method of avoiding this deadly sickness. There has been a rising concern with respect to HIV/AIDS disease among youthful grown-ups all inclusive. The most widely recognized way this infection is transmitted from one individual to the next is through unprotected sex. The measurements on the effect made by HIV/AIDS is overpowering. As per the assessments made by

Fresh Ink New Books Out Today January 15, 2013

Fresh Ink New Books Out Today January 15, 2013 Its a nonfictionpalooza this week! Best Sex  Writing 2013: The State of Todays Sexual Culture edited by Rachel Kramer Bussel  (Cleis Press) If the only sex-related pieces youve read latelyor, gasp, everwere about Fifty Shades of Grey, youve got some catching up to do! Start with this annual anthology, which brings together the best essays about sexuality and sexual culture. Judged by Dr. Carol Queen and edited by Rachel Kramer Busseltwo rad women who know from sex writingthis collection looks thought-provoking and fun. Variety being the spice of life, it presents a wide range of topics and perspectives; you might not like them all, but youre bound to love something. While I havent read this years collection just yet (reviewers, too, must sometimes wait for actual publication dates), Ive found the previous installments to do be thoroughly satisfying and filled with Oh, I never thought of that! moments. Friendfluence: The Surprising Ways Friends Make Us Who We Are by Carlin Flora (Doubleday) I was first alerted to this book when fellow Rioter Kim featured it in a list of  books about friendship last month. She recommended it for science nerds, fans of narrative nonfiction, living room sociologists, and I thought, I am all of those things! If you are too, take note. It seems were in a season of  books about friendshipIve recently read and adored Julie Klams Friendkeeping  [reviewed here] and Susanna Sonnenbergs memoir-in-friendships She Matters [reviewed here]and Carlin Flora adds depth the personal stories by presenting a scientific look at why we have friends and how they influence our personalities and behaviors. This is my  favorite kind of nonfiction; its engaging, not stuffy, and directly related to things we all experience in our daily lives. Oh, and it will give you tons of fun facts to spout off at dinner parties, or the next time you need to drive your partner mad with a case of the Did-You-Knows. The Mistress Contract by She and He (Unbridled  Books, now in paperback) Their  relationship began in 1981. It began with a contract. She suggested it, agreeing to provide her lover with housekeeping, companionship, and sexual services, while He agreed to give her a separate home (he was married, living with his wife and children at the time they began) and cover her expenses. Their affair continue through several decades, as they recorded themselves discussing their  relationship and the shifting power and sexual dynamics that defined it. This book presents the transcripts of those conversations, and they are nothing short of fascinating. She and He quarrel about her reluctance to tell him what she wants in bed. They wonder if their  relationship is revolutionary, or really quite traditional. The talk about feminism, and choice, and how this arrangement of theirs is something other than prostitution. They love each other. They age together. They are tender and passionate in private, careful to be discreet in public. They know they have chosen to do something that most consider wrong, and many wouldnt consider at all, and with this memoir, they attempt to put it in context. This is a challenging and provocative read that raises more questions than it answers. It sheds light on one unconventional  relationship, affording readers the opportunity to consider how changes they might make (or dream of making) in their own and inviting deeper deliberation about the organization, construction, and restrictions of committed  relationships in todays society. I loved this when I first read it in 2011, and I appreciated it even more upon rereading. Highly recommended. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Creep Test Laboratory Report Essay - 2200 Words

Creep Test Laboratory Report (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Creep Test Laboratory ReportNomenclature A = material parameter S = spacing between the two turns n = stress exponent R = gas constant T = absolute temperature (K) ÃÅ' = strain rate à Ã‚  = density à  = shear stress D = coil diameter Q = creep activation energy d = wire diameter à Ã†â€™ = applied stress N = turn number à  = shear strain t = timeObjectiveThe purpose of this laboratory experiment was to investigate the creep of a given material specimen and the various factors that affect it. This was facilitated by assessing the change in length of the given specimen and then plotting the obtained values on a graph paper. The trend of the resultant curve was then compared against some known theoretical values to validate the credibility of the results of the experiment.TheoryAccording to Rayner and Jones, creep refers to a situation whereby materials deform permanently after being subjected to constant mechanical stresses (258). Th e rate at which creep occurs depends on time, and is differentiated into three major types. The first type of creep is known as transient creep and is characterized by an increase in strain with a corresponding increase in time. Equation 1 below represents the relationship between strain and time associated with this type of creep.
The other type of creep is known as secondary creep or steady-state creep and is characterized by strain rate that is constant as time changes linearly. As indicated in equation 2, to obtain the corresponding equation for the secondary creep, natural logarithms on both sides of the equation 1 are taken.
The third type of creep is referred to as tertiary creep and is characterized by strain increasing nonlinearly as the temperature increases. Generally, the temperature at which creep begins depends on the alloy composition of a material. Fig. 1 below depicts the nature of the curve in a typical creep graph.
Fig. 1. Creep diagram (Rayner and Jones 258)As observed from the graph above, creep rate is very high at first and it then begins to decrease gradually in the region demarcated as transient creep. This stage is followed by the secondary creep, which is characterized by a minimal creep rate, that is, a strain that increases slowly with the increase in time (Haddad 855). In the last stage, which is marked as tertially creep, strain increases rapidly with increase in time, resulting in failure of the material subjected to creep. Creep of materials is primarily attributed to the diffusion or the motion of atoms due to dislocation. The science of engineering material recognizes two major types of diffusion associated with the creep: the Nabarri-Herring creep and the Coble creep (Kassner 213). In the case of the Nabarri-Herring creep, diffusion of the atoms is mainly within the grains when the activating temperature is about half of the melting point. During this type of diffusion, the shape of the grain is critical since the rate at which creeping occurs is equivalent to 1 over the grain-size. In the case of the Coble creep, diffusion occurs when the temperature is extremely below the melting point. In this case, diffusion occurs along the grain boundaries. One of the simplest ways through which the creep of a material can be determined is by applying a load to a wire and then measuring the position of a particular point on the wire over time (Daniels 94). In most cases, to eliminate the amount of errors that can occur due to the large amount of extraneous variables when the wire is hung, as well as the orientation of the load, two points should be marked on the wire. The change in position of the two points is then measured over a given period to access the increase in length of the wire. The difference between the positions of the two points over a given time interval is then used to calculate the strain rate. By employing equation 2 above, the rate at which strain is changing can be plotted and then the various stages of the creep observed depending on the shape of the curve. Through this experiment, it is also possible to access the stress exponent and the activation energy, in which case the time and temperature have to be constant. In this case, the first consideration is to take into account the stress in each turn of the coil, a scenario which is represented by equation 3.
The drawback of the equation 3 above is that it does not take into account the effect of multiple coils. Therefore, equation 4 below becomes preferred in determining the shear stress of the wire.
Considering that shear strain is a localized process, equation 5 can also be used to determine its magnitude.
This equation is then differentiated with respect to time, resulting in equation 6 as indicated below.
By factoring out S/t in equation 6, the resultant will be the same to equation 7, which infers that strain is directly proportional to the coil spacing divided by time.
Equation 7 can be simplified further by taking the natural log on both sides and treating the term, Cd/d2, as a constant. Adding equations 2 and 4 to equation 7 and simplifying the quotient generates equation 8, which can again be simplified further to give equation 9 that is used to determine the activation energy.

Laboratory ProcedureA tin alloy solder was wrapped around a post about twenty times to create a coil. On one end, the coil was attached to the top of the post. A slider was then fixed to the post. The purpose of the slider was to compress the coil together when the experiment was not in progress. The whole assembly comprising the post and the slider was then put inside another tube.The solder that had been wound on the post was then heated by pointing a hair dryer to the tube. During the heating, precaution was taken to prevent heat loss by applying insulating foam in the mouth of the tube.Using a meter stick placed on the outside of the tube, the distance between the coils was then measured. For prope r recording of the distances between the coils, a camera was placed on a tripod stand strategically focusing on the coil and the yardstick.In each measurement, the slider was lowered at the same pace that the timer was started and the motion captured on the camera. In the course of the experiment, the solder was permitted to fall for a single minute before another picture was taken.The above experiment was repeated several times by increasing the temperature at an interval of 20 degrees Celsius.The picture captured in the course of the experiment was then used to measure the separation of the turns of the coil to compute the strain rate, the stress exponent, and the activation energy.Experimental Data and Analysis Initially, the experiment was conducted at a room temperature, which was found to be about 20.5 degrees Celsius. Fig. 2 and fig. 3 depict the pictures captured at the start and end of the experiment under the initial temperature and the corresponding values of the yardsti ck at each coil recorded in table 1.Fig. 2. The start of the experiment at room temperatureFig. 3. End of the experiment at room temperatureTable 1. Coil spacing at room temperatureCoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)coilInitial position(mm)FinalPosition (mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)coilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)1648.848.21146.445.6644.544143.543.01548.247.61046.045.3544.243.81447.747.0945.645.0444.043.61347.246.6845.344.6343.943.31246.846.0745.044.3243.743.0The second experiment was conducted by raising the temperature of the dryer to 50 degrees Celsius. The corresponding results are illustrated in fig. 4 and fig. 5 in form of pictures, while table 2 has been used to record the respective numerical data of the experiment.Fig. 4. Start of the experiment at 50 degrees Celsius
Fig. 5. End of the experiment at 50 degrees CelsiusTable 3. Coil spacing at 50 degrees CelsiusCoilInitia l position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final Position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)1648.248.5114645.5644.443.6143.441.21547.747.71045.644.0544.243.31447.347.094444.6444.042.81346.846.5844.544.3343.842.61246.446.0744.643.9243.743.0The final stage of the creep experiment involved heating the hair dryer to a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius. The corresponding pictures for this experiment are recorded in fig. 6 and fig. 7, while the associated data has been recorded in table 3.
Fig. 6. Start of the experiment at 70 degrees Celsius Fig. 7. End of the experiment at 70 degrees CelsiusTable 3.Coil spacing for 70 degrees CelsiusCoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final Position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position (mm)1648.248.51145.0 45.5644.443.6143.442.31547.747.71045.644.0544.243.31447.347.0945.344.6443.042.01345.46.5845.044.3343.842.61246.445.0744.643.9243.642.5 Creep Test Laboratory Report Essay - 2200 Words Creep Test Laboratory Report (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Creep Test Laboratory ReportNomenclature A = material parameter S = spacing between the two turns n = stress exponent R = gas constant T = absolute temperature (K) ÃÅ' = strain rate à Ã‚  = density à  = shear stress D = coil diameter Q = creep activation energy d = wire diameter à Ã†â€™ = applied stress N = turn number à  = shear strain t = timeObjectiveThe purpose of this laboratory experiment was to investigate the creep of a given material specimen and the various factors that affect it. This was facilitated by assessing the change in length of the given specimen and then plotting the obtained values on a graph paper. The trend of the resultant curve was then compared against some known theoretical values to validate the credibility of the results of the experiment.TheoryAccording to Rayner and Jones, creep refers to a situation whereby materials deform permanently after being subjected to constant mechanical stresses (258). Th e rate at which creep occurs depends on time, and is differentiated into three major types. The first type of creep is known as transient creep and is characterized by an increase in strain with a corresponding increase in time. Equation 1 below represents the relationship between strain and time associated with this type of creep.
The other type of creep is known as secondary creep or steady-state creep and is characterized by strain rate that is constant as time changes linearly. As indicated in equation 2, to obtain the corresponding equation for the secondary creep, natural logarithms on both sides of the equation 1 are taken.
The third type of creep is referred to as tertiary creep and is characterized by strain increasing nonlinearly as the temperature increases. Generally, the temperature at which creep begins depends on the alloy composition of a material. Fig. 1 below depicts the nature of the curve in a typical creep graph.
Fig. 1. Creep diagram (Rayner and Jones 258)As observed from the graph above, creep rate is very high at first and it then begins to decrease gradually in the region demarcated as transient creep. This stage is followed by the secondary creep, which is characterized by a minimal creep rate, that is, a strain that increases slowly with the increase in time (Haddad 855). In the last stage, which is marked as tertially creep, strain increases rapidly with increase in time, resulting in failure of the material subjected to creep. Creep of materials is primarily attributed to the diffusion or the motion of atoms due to dislocation. The science of engineering material recognizes two major types of diffusion associated with the creep: the Nabarri-Herring creep and the Coble creep (Kassner 213). In the case of the Nabarri-Herring creep, diffusion of the atoms is mainly within the grains when the activating temperature is about half of the melting point. During this type of diffusion, the shape of the grain is critical since the rate at which creeping occurs is equivalent to 1 over the grain-size. In the case of the Coble creep, diffusion occurs when the temperature is extremely below the melting point. In this case, diffusion occurs along the grain boundaries. One of the simplest ways through which the creep of a material can be determined is by applying a load to a wire and then measuring the position of a particular point on the wire over time (Daniels 94). In most cases, to eliminate the amount of errors that can occur due to the large amount of extraneous variables when the wire is hung, as well as the orientation of the load, two points should be marked on the wire. The change in position of the two points is then measured over a given period to access the increase in length of the wire. The difference between the positions of the two points over a given time interval is then used to calculate the strain rate. By employing equation 2 above, the rate at which strain is changing can be plotted and then the various stages of the creep observed depending on the shape of the curve. Through this experiment, it is also possible to access the stress exponent and the activation energy, in which case the time and temperature have to be constant. In this case, the first consideration is to take into account the stress in each turn of the coil, a scenario which is represented by equation 3.
The drawback of the equation 3 above is that it does not take into account the effect of multiple coils. Therefore, equation 4 below becomes preferred in determining the shear stress of the wire.
Considering that shear strain is a localized process, equation 5 can also be used to determine its magnitude.
This equation is then differentiated with respect to time, resulting in equation 6 as indicated below.
By factoring out S/t in equation 6, the resultant will be the same to equation 7, which infers that strain is directly proportional to the coil spacing divided by time.
Equation 7 can be simplified further by taking the natural log on both sides and treating the term, Cd/d2, as a constant. Adding equations 2 and 4 to equation 7 and simplifying the quotient generates equation 8, which can again be simplified further to give equation 9 that is used to determine the activation energy.

Laboratory ProcedureA tin alloy solder was wrapped around a post about twenty times to create a coil. On one end, the coil was attached to the top of the post. A slider was then fixed to the post. The purpose of the slider was to compress the coil together when the experiment was not in progress. The whole assembly comprising the post and the slider was then put inside another tube.The solder that had been wound on the post was then heated by pointing a hair dryer to the tube. During the heating, precaution was taken to prevent heat loss by applying insulating foam in the mouth of the tube.Using a meter stick placed on the outside of the tube, the distance between the coils was then measured. For prope r recording of the distances between the coils, a camera was placed on a tripod stand strategically focusing on the coil and the yardstick.In each measurement, the slider was lowered at the same pace that the timer was started and the motion captured on the camera. In the course of the experiment, the solder was permitted to fall for a single minute before another picture was taken.The above experiment was repeated several times by increasing the temperature at an interval of 20 degrees Celsius.The picture captured in the course of the experiment was then used to measure the separation of the turns of the coil to compute the strain rate, the stress exponent, and the activation energy.Experimental Data and Analysis Initially, the experiment was conducted at a room temperature, which was found to be about 20.5 degrees Celsius. Fig. 2 and fig. 3 depict the pictures captured at the start and end of the experiment under the initial temperature and the corresponding values of the yardsti ck at each coil recorded in table 1.Fig. 2. The start of the experiment at room temperatureFig. 3. End of the experiment at room temperatureTable 1. Coil spacing at room temperatureCoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)coilInitial position(mm)FinalPosition (mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)coilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)1648.848.21146.445.6644.544143.543.01548.247.61046.045.3544.243.81447.747.0945.645.0444.043.61347.246.6845.344.6343.943.31246.846.0745.044.3243.743.0The second experiment was conducted by raising the temperature of the dryer to 50 degrees Celsius. The corresponding results are illustrated in fig. 4 and fig. 5 in form of pictures, while table 2 has been used to record the respective numerical data of the experiment.Fig. 4. Start of the experiment at 50 degrees Celsius
Fig. 5. End of the experiment at 50 degrees CelsiusTable 3. Coil spacing at 50 degrees CelsiusCoilInitia l position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final Position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)1648.248.5114645.5644.443.6143.441.21547.747.71045.644.0544.243.31447.347.094444.6444.042.81346.846.5844.544.3343.842.61246.446.0744.643.9243.743.0The final stage of the creep experiment involved heating the hair dryer to a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius. The corresponding pictures for this experiment are recorded in fig. 6 and fig. 7, while the associated data has been recorded in table 3.
Fig. 6. Start of the experiment at 70 degrees Celsius Fig. 7. End of the experiment at 70 degrees CelsiusTable 3.Coil spacing for 70 degrees CelsiusCoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final Position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position(mm)CoilInitial position(mm)Final position (mm)1648.248.51145.0 45.5644.443.6143.442.31547.747.71045.644.0544.243.31447.347.0945.344.6443.042.01345.46.5845.044.3343.842.61246.445.0744.643.9243.642.5